A recent study suggests that adolescents and young adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes may be at a higher risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease later in life. This is due to the presence of Alzheimer’s-linked blood plasma biomarkers and elevated amyloid protein levels in the brains of individuals with youth-onset diabetes. Previous research has shown that adults with diabetes are more likely to develop dementia or Alzheimer’s, and the rising rates of obesity and diabetes globally may increase the prevalence of the disease in young people.
The study, conducted by researchers at the University of Colorado, analyzed data from the SEARCH cohort, which included individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Blood plasma samples from these individuals showed higher levels of Alzheimer’s biomarkers when compared to a healthy control group. Brain scans also revealed the presence of amyloid and tau densities in regions associated with Alzheimer’s. However, the differences observed were not statistically significant, and further research with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up times is needed to determine the specific risks associated with each type of diabetes.
Complex mechanisms such as impairments in cell energy production are shared between Alzheimer’s and diabetes, suggesting potential underlying connections between the two diseases. Risk factors such as cardiovascular issues, hypertension, and high cholesterol also contribute to cognitive impairment and dementia. While the study is still preliminary and has limitations, it underscores the need for further research to understand how early-onset diabetes may lead to cognitive decline and dementia later in life.
In order to prevent cognitive issues related to Alzheimer’s and dementia in individuals with diabetes, it is important to manage blood sugar levels effectively and undergo regular cognitive screenings. Lifestyle interventions, such as physical activity, managing diabetes and blood pressure, quitting smoking, quality sleep, and a healthy diet, can also contribute to brain health and reduce the risk of cognitive decline. The Alzheimer’s Association recommends following these guidelines and participating in clinical trials like the U.S. POINTER study, which aims to evaluate the effects of lifestyle interventions on cognitive function in older adults at risk for cognitive decline. Ultimately, early detection and intervention play a vital role in preserving brain health and reducing the risk of Alzheimer’s and dementia in individuals with diabetes.
