Recent research indicates that women diagnosed with depression are more likely to develop heart disease compared to men with depression. Hormones and inflammation in the body are identified as factors contributing to the development of cardiovascular disease. Experts emphasize the importance of improved screenings for depression in both men and women by medical professionals. Women have a significantly higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease after a depression diagnosis, according to a study published in JACC: Asia. Cardiovascular disease encompasses heart attacks, stroke, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation, with women being twice as likely as men to develop depression.
The study analyzed more than 4 million patients’ rates of depression and eventual CVD diagnosis by tracking and reviewing medical claims between 2005 and 2022. Men were slightly more represented in the study, with an average age of 44. To be included in the analysis, participants had to receive a clinical diagnosis of depression before their CVD diagnosis. Patient health data, including body mass index, blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and blood glucose levels, were also considered. The study showed that women had higher rates of depression leading to various cardiovascular events compared to men, with a higher hazard ratio indicating the risk of developing CVD after a depression diagnosis.
Even though heart attacks are commonly associated with men, the risk is equal for both genders. However, women face a less favorable statistics regarding treatment and mortality rates following a heart attack. Women tend to have atypical symptoms of heart attack, such as chest tightness, shortness of breath, fatigue, and abdominal discomfort, instead of the classic left arm pain or chest pressure. Research suggests that women’s unique health challenges around pregnancy and menopause, as well as hormonal fluctuations, contribute to their higher risk of developing depression and subsequently experiencing cardiovascular disease. The study acknowledges the link between depression, inflammation, hormonal fluctuations, and increased cardiovascular risk in women.
The higher likelihood of depression in women compared to men poses a significant public health concern, with women experiencing more severe and persistent symptoms. Hormonal fluctuations, stress, and anxiety contribute to inflammation in the body, affecting cardiovascular health by hardening vessels and promoting plaque build-up. Women’s risk of depression varies across different phases of their reproductive age, emphasizing the need for personalized treatment strategies based on hormonal fluctuations and mental health considerations. The study underscores the importance of integrating mental health assessment and depression screening into cardiology practices to address gender-specific risk factors for heart disease and improve outcomes for women with depression. Healthcare providers are encouraged to adopt a holistic approach to patient care, considering mental health as an essential aspect of overall well-being and cardiovascular health.
