The Mediterranean diet has gained popularity due to its mix of plant-based foods, healthy fats, and whole grains. Studies have shown that following this diet can lower blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar levels, as well as reduce the risk of various diseases, including type 2 diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Research from the Universitas Sumatera Utara suggests that adhering to the Mediterranean diet may also lower the risk of COVID-19 infection, which is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This diet is known for its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects, which are beneficial in fighting inflammation, a critical factor in COVID-19.
The study conducted by Universitas Sumatera Utara involved analyzing data from six previous observational studies with over 55,000 participants to assess the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the risk of COVID-19 infection, symptoms, or severity. Researchers found that individuals who followed a Mediterranean diet consistently showed lower odds ratios, indicating potential protection against COVID-19. However, the extent of this reduction could not be precisely determined in this qualitative study. Further research is needed to understand the full impact of the Mediterranean diet on COVID-19 infection risk, symptoms, and severity, as the findings were inconsistent in these areas.
The Mediterranean diet’s benefits in protecting against COVID-19 are attributed to the synergistic effects of its components. Rich in polyphenols, unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, trace elements, and fiber, this diet supports immune health and beneficially affects intestinal microbiota, which impacts the immune system. However, the relationship between nutrition and immunity is complex, and various factors, including genetics, age, exposure level, and environmental factors, play a role in an individual’s susceptibility to COVID-19. While diet may influence outcomes, the primary focus should be on preventing COVID-19 infection through measures such as wearing N95 masks, especially during virus season.
Registered dietitian nutritionists recommend assessing one’s diet to ensure it includes immune-supportive nutrients, such as vitamins A, B, C, D, E, zinc, magnesium, and selenium, found in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, proteins, and healthy fats. Overconsumption of certain nutrients, such as zinc, can have negative consequences, so it is crucial to obtain these nutrients from whole foods rather than supplements. Simple questions can help individuals evaluate the nutrient content of their diet, such as the variety of fruits and vegetables consumed, protein sources, fat quality, and antioxidant-rich spices used in cooking. While the Mediterranean diet has shown potential benefits in reducing COVID-19 risk, a holistic approach to immune health, including proper nutrition, is essential for overall well-being.
