Summarize this content to 2000 words in 6 paragraphs There is currently a lot of talk about nuclear war as conflict escalates between the United States and its NATO allies with Russia over its ongoing war in Ukraine.The Russia-Ukraine war has raged on for more than two years after Russian President Vladimir Putin ordered the “special military operation” in Ukraine in February 2022. Although Moscow aimed for a quick victory over its Eastern European neighbor, viewed as having a much smaller military, its spirited defense effort bolstered by the U.S. and its NATO allies, has blocked it from making substantial gains.Putin recently signed an updated nuclear doctrine into law that emphasizes that Moscow will make “all necessary efforts to reduce the nuclear threat” and aims to prevent escalating tensions between states that could lead to “military conflicts, including nuclear ones.”It also says that nuclear deterrence should also ensure “an understanding by a potential adversary of the inevitability of retaliation in the event of aggression against the Russian Federation and (or) its allies.”Ukraine used U.S.-made ATACMS missiles against a target inside Russia for the first time last month after President Joe Biden allowed such usage. This followed Moscow’s deployment of North Korean troops to the front lines in the Kursk region, an action described by the Biden administration as a significant escalation of the conflict.On Tuesday, Dmitry Medvedev, the deputy chairman of the Security Council of Russia and former Russian president, said the U.S. was “seriously discussing the consequences of transferring nuclear weapons to Kyiv,” however the White House told Newsweek that it is “not planning to equip Ukraine with nuclear weapons.”Meanwhile, Newsweek has compared how different countries’ nuclear weapons compare, by using maps produced by Alex Wellerstein, a professor and historian of nuclear technology, to assess what the impact would be if a nation launched its nuclear weapon on New York.The maps show the fireball radius (inner yellow circle), in which everything would be vaporized by intense heat rising to millions of degrees Fahrenheit and the more moderate blast damage radius (inner gray circle), which would destroy residential buildings and probably cause widespread fires.It also covers the thermal radiation radius (wider orange circle), in which people would be at risk of suffering third-degree burns throughout the skin “often painless because they destroy the pain nerves,” which can cause severe scarring, disablement and require amputation.In the light blast radius, glass windows are expected to break, resulting in many injuries.Some simulations show results for the radiation radius, where the radiation dose would likely be fatal with around 15 percent of survivors dying of cancer within a month of exposure.The simulation for Russia’s Tsar Bomba also showed the heavy blast damage radius, where heavily built concrete buildings would be damaged or demolished and deaths would reach 100 percent.Newsweek has looked at the impact of Russian weapons on U.S. cities here and NATO capitals here.U.S. Castle BravoIn any given 24-hour period, there are on average 15,586,881 people in the light (1 psi) blast range of the simulated detonation of the U.S.’s Castle Bravo (the largest U.S. bomb ever tested, yielding 15,000 kilotons) launched on New York.Deaths: 4,952,580Injuries: 5,433,290Fireball radius: 12 square milesModerate blast damage radius: 365 square milesThermal radiation radius: 24.3 square milesLight blast damage radius: 2,880 square milesDetonation altitude: 25,270 ft. (Chosen to maximize the 5 psi range.)
A map showing the impact of an attack with the U.S.’s Castle Bravo on New York. Newsweek used maps produced by Alex Wellerstein to compare different countries’ nuclear weapons.
A map showing the impact of an attack with the U.S.’s Castle Bravo on New York. Newsweek used maps produced by Alex Wellerstein to compare different countries’ nuclear weapons.
Russia’s Tsar Bomba In any given 24-hour period, there are on average 16,338,222 people in the light (1 psi) blast range of the simulated detonation of Russia’s Tsar Bomba (the largest USSR bomb ever tested, yielding 50,000 kilotons).Deaths: 7,633,390Injuries: 4,194,990Radiation radius (fatal radiation dose): 11.9 square milesFireball radius: 32.3 square milesHeavy blast damage radius (where heavily built concrete buildings are severely damaged or demolished and casualties approach 100 percent): 96.2 square milesModerate blast damage radius: 522 square milesThermal radiation radius: 522 square milesLight blast damage radius: 3,580 square milesDetonation altitude: 13,000 ft.
A map showing the impact of an attack with the Russia’s Tsar Bomba on New York. Newsweek used maps produced by Alex Wellerstein to compare different countries’ nuclear weapons.
A map showing the impact of an attack with the Russia’s Tsar Bomba on New York. Newsweek used maps produced by Alex Wellerstein to compare different countries’ nuclear weapons.
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North Korean weapon tested in 2017In any given 24-hour period, there are on average 4,508,510 people in the light (1 psi) blast range of the simulated detonation of the North Korean weapon tested in 2017 (which yields 150 kilotons), launched in New York.Deaths: 728,220Injuries: 1,562,410Fireball radius: 0.3 square milesRadiation radius: 1.22 square milesModerate blast damage radius: 16.9 square milesThermal radiation radius: 33.5 square milesLight blast damage radius: 134 square milesDetonation altitude: 5,440 ft.
A map showing the impact of an attack with North Korea’s weapon tested during 2017 on New York. Newsweek used maps produced by Alex Wellerstein to compare different countries’ nuclear weapons.
A map showing the impact of an attack with North Korea’s weapon tested during 2017 on New York. Newsweek used maps produced by Alex Wellerstein to compare different countries’ nuclear weapons.
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China’s Dong-Feng 5In any given 24-hour period, there are on average 12,867,816 people in the light (1 psi) blast range of the simulated detonation of China’s Dong-Feng 5 (which yields 5,000 kilotons).Deaths: 3,245,840Injuries: 4,654,310Fireball radius: 4.96 square milesModerate blast damage radius: 175 square milesThermal radiation radius: 15.2 square milesLight blast damage radius: 1,390 square milesDetonation altitude: 17,520 ft.
A map showing the impact of an attack with the China’s Dong-Feng 5 on New York. Newsweek used maps produced by Alex Wellerstein to compare different countries’ nuclear weapons.
A map showing the impact of an attack with the China’s Dong-Feng 5 on New York. Newsweek used maps produced by Alex Wellerstein to compare different countries’ nuclear weapons.
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United Kingdom’s Mk4A/HolbrookIn any given 24-hour period, there are on average 3,825,912 people in the light (1 psi) blast range of the simulated detonation of the U.K.’s Mk4A/Holbrook warhead (which yields 100 kilotons) being launched on New York.Deaths: 583,160Injuries: 1,337,780Fireball radius:0.22 square milesModerate blast damage radius: 1.49 square milesThermal radiation radius: 12.9 square milesLight blast damage radius: 2.72 square milesDetonation altitude: 4,760 ft.
A map showing the impact of an attack with the U.K.’s Mk4A/Holbrrok on New York. Newsweek used maps produced by Alex Wellerstein to compare different countries’ nuclear weapons.
A map showing the impact of an attack with the U.K.’s Mk4A/Holbrrok on New York. Newsweek used maps produced by Alex Wellerstein to compare different countries’ nuclear weapons.
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France’s TN 80/81In any given 24-hour period, there are on average 5,878,536 people in the light (1 psi) blast range of the simulated detonation of France’s TN 80/81 (which yields 300 kilotons) being launched on New York.Deaths: 1,039,840Injuries: 2,024,010Radiation radius: 0.26 square milesFireball radius: 0.52 square milesModerate blast damage radius: 26.9 square milesThermal radiation radius: 62.3 square milesLight blast damage radius: 212 square milesDetonation altitude: 6,860 ft.
A map showing the impact of an attack with France’s TN 80/81 on New York. Newsweek used maps produced by Alex Wellerstein to compare different countries’ nuclear weapons.
A map showing the impact of an attack with France’s TN 80/81 on New York. Newsweek used maps produced by Alex Wellerstein to compare different countries’ nuclear weapons.
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India’s largest weapon ever testedIn any given 24-hour period, there are on average 3,125,839 people in the light (1 psi) blast range of the simulated detonation of India’s largest weapon ever tested (60 kilotons) being launched in New York.Deaths: 460,540Injuries: 1,098,780Fireball radius: 0.14 square milesRadiation radius: 1.63 square milesModerate blast damage radius: 9.19 square milesThermal radiation radius: 14.7 square milesLight blast damage radius: 72.7 square milesDetonation altitude: 4,010 ft.
A map showing the impact of an attack with India’s largest weapon ever tested on New York. Newsweek used maps produced by Alex Wellerstein to compare different countries’ nuclear weapons.
A map showing the impact of an attack with India’s largest weapon ever tested on New York. Newsweek used maps produced by Alex Wellerstein to compare different countries’ nuclear weapons.
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Pakistan’s largest weapon ever testedIn any given 24-hour period, there are on average 2,801,421 people in the light (1 psi) blast range of the simulated detonation of Pakistan’s largest weapon ever tested (45 kilotons) being launched in New York.Deaths: 407,440Injuries: 978,590Fireball radius: 0.11 square milesRadiation radius: 1.64 square milesModerate blast damage radius: 7.59 square milesThermal radiation radius: 11.3 square milesLight blast damage radius: 60 square milesDetonation altitude: 3,640 ft.
A map showing the impact of an attack with Pakistan’s largest weapon ever tested on New York. Newsweek used maps produced by Alex Wellerstein to compare different countries’ nuclear weapons.
A map showing the impact of an attack with Pakistan’s largest weapon ever tested on New York. Newsweek used maps produced by Alex Wellerstein to compare different countries’ nuclear weapons.
NUKEMAP
