Many studies have been conducted to examine the potential positive and negative effects of caffeine on a person’s health, with a focus on its impact on heart health. A new study presented at ACC Asia 2024 in India suggests that individuals who consume high amounts of caffeine regularly may increase their risk of cardiovascular disease, even if they are otherwise in good health. Researchers recruited 92 healthy participants aged 18-45 and measured their blood pressure and pulse before and after a three-minute step test. This study aimed to determine the effects of chronic caffeine consumption on heart health, particularly in terms of recovery of heart rate and blood pressure.
The study defined chronic caffeine consumption as consuming any caffeinated beverages at least five days a week for more than one year. Results showed that 19.6% of participants consumed over 400 mg of caffeine daily, which is equivalent to four cups of coffee. Chronic intake of caffeine at this level led to significant impacts on the autonomic nervous system, resulting in increased heart rate and blood pressure over time. Individuals who consumed 600 mg of caffeine daily, which exceeds the recommended limit, experienced even higher heart rate and blood pressure after physical activity. The study highlighted the potential risks of habitual high caffeine intake on heart health, including hypertension and cardiovascular events.
Monique Richard, a registered dietitian nutritionist, noted that chronic excessive caffeine consumption above the recommended daily limit of 400 mg can elevate heart rate and blood pressure, as well as result in additional drawbacks such as excess sugar, calories, and artificial ingredients. Yu-Ming Ni, a board-certified cardiologist, expressed dissatisfaction with the numerous conflicting studies focused on coffee and caffeine, advocating for more research on the effects of energy drinks on cardiovascular health. Ni emphasized the need for individuals to evaluate their caffeine intake habits and consider alternatives to reduce daily consumption, such as increasing water intake and monitoring withdrawal symptoms.
In practice, excessive caffeine intake can lead to various side effects, including dizziness, heart palpitations, anxiety, sleep disturbances, dehydration, and digestive issues. Richard suggested strategies to decrease daily caffeine consumption gradually, such as monitoring withdrawal symptoms and staying hydrated with water or unsweetened beverages. She recommended filling up on water-rich foods and engaging social support to achieve caffeine reduction goals. Ni encouraged individuals to experiment with reducing caffeine consumption to assess its necessity and impact on energy levels, suggesting that the ritual of coffee drinking may be unnecessary for some individuals in maintaining wakefulness.
The study underlines the potential risks associated with chronic high caffeine consumption on heart health, noting the importance of increasing awareness of these risks to improve overall cardiovascular health. While the effects of caffeine can vary among individuals, it is crucial for individuals to monitor their daily intake and consider alternative strategies to lessen dependence on caffeine for energy. By gradually reducing caffeine consumption and incorporating healthier habits, individuals can potentially mitigate the adverse effects of excessive caffeine intake on their cardiovascular system and overall well-being.
