Urolithin A is a natural compound that has shown promise in supporting memory, cognitive function, and reducing brain inflammation. A recent study conducted in mice suggests that urolithin A may have therapeutic properties in treating Alzheimer’s disease. Consuming certain polyphenols, found in pomegranates, can increase the production of urolithin A by gut bacteria. Experts recommend focusing on enhancing the body’s production of urolithin A through diet rather than supplementation. Alzheimer’s disease primarily affects individuals over 65 and is the leading cause of dementia in older adults. Research indicates that Mediterranean and MIND diets may protect against Alzheimer’s due to factors such as lower intake of inflammatory fats and sugars and higher consumption of vitamins, minerals, omega-3s, and antioxidants.
Alzheimer’s disease is associated with elevated oxidative stress, making increased antioxidant intake beneficial. Antioxidants counteract free radical damage, potentially mitigating the effects of the disease. A recent study published in Alzheimer’s & Dementia explored the potential of urolithin A, a compound produced by gut bacteria when metabolizing certain polyphenolic compounds found in pomegranates. This compound has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, along with other potential benefits for brain health. Researchers treated Alzheimer’s mice models with urolithin A for an extended period, observing enhancements in learning and memory, reduced neuroinflammation, and improved cellular cleanup processes.
Researchers from the University of Copenhagen in Denmark conducted a study on the benefits of long-term urolithin A treatment in Alzheimer’s disease. After five months of urolithin A treatment, improvements in memory, protein build-up, cell waste processing, DNA damage, and brain inflammation in Alzheimer’s mice were observed. Urolithin A treatment was found to lower the excessive activity of microglia, reduce amyloid beta protein levels, and promote mitophagy, the cleaning out of damaged mitochondria. The effects of urolithin A on mitophagy may be similar to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) supplements in Alzheimer’s disease.
Experts emphasize that while urolithin A shows promising results in mouse models, more research, particularly clinical trials, are needed to validate its efficacy and safety in humans. Challenges in determining optimal dosage and potential risks of long-term supplement use need to be addressed. Controlling diet, gut microbiota, and individual health conditions is crucial, as these factors influence urolithin A absorption and utilization in the body. Promoting the body’s production of urolithin A through diet, with a focus on polyphenol-rich foods like pomegranate seeds and peels, may be a more natural and safe approach for brain health.
While research on urolithin A offers potential benefits for Alzheimer’s intervention, additional studies are required to understand its mechanisms of action fully. It is essential to explore the safety and effectiveness of urolithin A supplementation through randomized controlled trials. Having a diverse and robust gut microbiota is crucial for optimal digestion and absorption of nutrients and polyphenols, highlighting the significance of the foods we consume for brain health. Although this study was conducted in mice and might not directly translate to humans, it builds upon previous research and underlines the importance of maintaining a healthy diet for overall brain health.
