Researchers have discovered a memory-loss condition called Limbic-predominant Amnestic Neurodegenerative Syndrome (LANS) that is often misdiagnosed as Alzheimer’s disease. This condition affects the limbic system of the brain, causing difficulty in forming new memories and recalling recent events. Traditional diagnostic methods have been ineffective in differentiating LANS from other conditions with similar symptoms, making it challenging for doctors to diagnose. However, new criteria have been developed to aid in diagnosing LANS, including the use of brain imaging and biomarkers to confirm degeneration of the limbic system.
Studies have shown that TDP-43 protein build-up in the limbic system is associated with a condition known as limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE-NC), which is key to defining LATE-NC. The new criteria created for diagnosing LANS include core clinical factors and consideration of underlying causes, such as LATE-NC or other degenerative conditions isolated to the limbic system. These criteria have been validated using data from over 200 participants and databases from the Mayo Clinic Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and other initiatives. By incorporating TDP-43 protein analysis and other biomarkers, doctors can now better differentiate LANS from other memory-related conditions.
LANS can be diagnosed in the mild cognitive impairment or dementia stage and may have various underlying causes, but they are more limited to degenerative conditions isolated to the limbic system. The incorporation of these new criteria into clinical practice can assist in informing medical counseling, management recommendations, and treatment decisions, including potential participation in amyloid-lowering drugs or new clinical trials. Understanding age-related memory changes and being able to intervene early can improve quality of life, provide better care, and develop tailored therapies for patients with LANS.
This research offers hope for older adults experiencing isolated memory loss by identifying a potentially less severe clinical syndrome like LANS instead of Alzheimer’s disease. Patients with LANS are expected to have a milder and more stable course over time compared to the rapid and debilitating progression of Alzheimer’s disease. Creating a registry of LANS cases across institutions could help identify underlying causes and inform future treatment strategies for these individuals. By improving diagnostic accuracy and understanding the unique challenges associated with LANS, patients and families can receive better care, mental health support, and tailored therapies to address their specific needs.
