India is enhancing its military capabilities by investing in artificial intelligence in response to China’s advancements in AI technology. While India spends around $50 million per year on AI, China spends significantly more, prompting the need for increased investments to keep up with technological advancements. India’s military has already introduced robots for tasks such as scouting rugged terrain, removing unexploded shells, and acting as a stretcher for injured soldiers. The Signals Technology Evaluation and Adaptation Group is evaluating AI and other emergent technologies for modern warfare.
India is partnering with the United States to further its AI capabilities, with discussions on AI taking place between Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin and Indian Defense Minister Rajnath Singh. The U.S.–India Initiative on Critical and Emerging Technologies aims to strengthen collaboration in technology development. India’s advantage in English proficiency and talent in the tech industry provide a foundation for AI development, but there is still a need to further adapt and develop technology in the economic and defense sectors. Generative AI, particularly in understanding common operating pictures, is highlighted as a key technology for military intelligence.
AI has the potential to revolutionize modern warfare in areas such as intelligence, training, and education. While China is known to have a significant autonomous drone arsenal, the wider use of autonomous systems in militaries is believed to be still several years away. The use of AI-powered drones and robots in patrolling borders and reducing human intervention in dangerous situations is being explored by the Indian military. Concerns about the potential misuse of AI are raised, including the spread of disinformation through deepfakes.
Thousands of Indians and Chinese students studying AI at overseas universities demonstrate the growing interest in artificial intelligence. India is seen as having an edge in AI development in the civilian sector, while China’s military system is perceived as more centralized and well-funded, enabling faster advancements in military applications of AI. The ethical implications of using AI in warfare are highlighted, emphasizing the need for ethical, precise, and justifiable use of technology in military operations. India has an opportunity to shape the future laws of war and establish guidelines for the use of AI in society.
As India continues to research and invest in AI technology for military applications, it aims to balance the playing field with China and stay abreast of technological advancements. AI is seen as a critical tool for enhancing military capabilities, improving intelligence, and reducing risks for soldiers in dangerous situations. Collaborations with the United States and other partners are crucial for India to further its AI capabilities and leverage technology for defense purposes. The evolving landscape of AI in warfare presents challenges and opportunities for India to lead the debate on ethical and responsible use of technology in military operations.
