Researchers have found that a genetic test may help determine if semaglutide weight loss medications can be effective for an individual in losing weight. This test provides a risk score that can identify who is more likely to respond positively to semaglutide treatments. Clinical trials have shown that those who test positive for the “hungry gut” phenotype lost twice as much weight compared to those who tested negative for it. The researchers developed a machine-learning gene risk score to predict this “hungry gut” phenotype, which occurs when someone feels hungry again quickly after eating a meal due to their stomach emptying rapidly.
The study involved 84 participants with obesity or other weight management issues who took semaglutide medication for one year. Genetic analysis was conducted on saliva or blood samples, and information on eating habits was collected. The research team recorded total body weight loss at various intervals and determined the probability of a positive response to semaglutide based on the type of weight management issue identified. The study revealed that people who tested positive for the “hungry gut” phenotype experienced a greater percentage of body weight loss compared to those who tested negative.
A test developed by the Mayo Clinic called MyPhenome categorizes different types of obesity phenotypes, including hungry brain, hungry gut, emotional hunger, and slow burn. By using an outcomes registry for adults undergoing weight loss treatments, the researchers focused on those prescribed semaglutide. The test was found to predict with 75% accuracy which individuals would respond positively to semaglutide, avoiding the need for trial and error in determining medication efficacy. Despite potential side effects such as gastrointestinal symptoms, the researchers believe that knowing whether the medication will work can help physicians and individuals make informed decisions about treatment options.
Although some physicians may not choose to use the risk score calculator to determine whether a patient should use semaglutide, others emphasize the importance of considering various factors when prescribing weight loss medication. Factors such as the individual’s level of overweight, body mass index, previous weight loss strategies, and eligibility for weight loss surgery are taken into account. Weight loss surgery is still considered the most effective method for losing and maintaining weight loss, but medications like semaglutide may be considered for those who do not qualify for surgery. Regardless of the treatment used, the goal remains the same: to promote healthy habits, develop sustainable eating patterns, and encourage lifelong changes for successful weight management.
