The issue of the “brain drain” in exact sciences is often discussed, with French Nobel Prize winners choosing to work abroad where conditions are more favorable. However, France’s lack of interest in holders of the highest university degree goes beyond financial concerns and affects all scientific fields. In Germany, the value and expertise associated with a doctoral degree are highly regarded and allow individuals to reach top positions in both the private and public sectors. In contrast, France struggles to integrate its doctoral degree holders into the workforce, with recruiters and high-level administrators often failing to recognize the qualities and professional experience acquired through a doctoral education.
During President Hollande’s tenure, efforts were made to enhance the prestige of the doctoral degree in France. The Fioraso law in 2013 recognized the right to use the title of “doctor” in all professional settings, and in 2020 this was extended to personal use, aligning with practices in Germany. The law also emphasized the superiority of the “degree” of doctor over the “title” of doctor, which in certain healthcare professions may be obtained without conducting scientific research. Additionally, administrations were instructed to consider a doctoral education as professional experience when integrating individuals into the civil service and to provide a special pathway for doctoral degree holders seeking to take category A exams.
Ten years later, the effectiveness of these measures is being questioned due to the fluctuating implementation practices. The doctoral community has raised concerns about potential distrust towards doctoral degrees from the government, especially with the requirement for applicants to take an “oath of scientific integrity” following their defense, as mandated by a 2022 decree. Many doctoral degree holders viewed this oath as a challenge to their professional ethics or felt collectively responsible for isolated incidents involving colleagues during the Covid-19 pandemic. Further discussions are needed to address these issues and ensure that doctoral degree holders are valued and recognized for their expertise.
Despite efforts to elevate the status of doctoral degree holders in France, challenges persist in fully integrating them into the workforce. While the law has made some strides in recognizing the importance of doctoral education and professional experience, practical implementation remains inconsistent. The recent requirement for an oath of scientific integrity has raised concerns among doctoral degree holders regarding their professional standing and ethics. More transparent and consistent policies are needed to support and promote the contributions of doctoral degree holders in various sectors, ensuring that their expertise is valued and utilized effectively. The ongoing dialogue between stakeholders is crucial to address these issues and foster a more inclusive and supportive environment for doctoral degree holders in France.
