Taylor Swift’s song “Fortnight” has sparked discussions due to its lyrics mentioning being a “functioning alcoholic.” While Swift has not confirmed if the song is autobiographical, she has shared that she quit alcohol to maintain her physical fitness for her demanding Eras Tour. The term “functioning alcoholic” is not a medical term, but it refers to individuals who can carry out daily activities despite heavy alcohol consumption. However, this term may be misleading as there is no clear line between functioning well and developing issues due to alcohol use.
Dr. Lewis Nelson, a member of the American Society of Addiction Medicine, explains that individuals who are considered “functioning alcoholics” may appear normal on the surface but are likely on a downward spiral. While they may initially seem to cope with their alcohol consumption, there will come a point where the negative effects become evident. People with alcohol dependence may develop a tolerance to alcohol, leading them to hide their consumption and show no immediate problems. However, this behavior is unsustainable, and eventually, issues will arise.
Research has shown that around 20% of people with alcohol dependence were considered “functional” in a 2007 study by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. These individuals were typically middle-aged, educated, and held steady jobs and family lives. However, the term “functional alcoholic” assumes that someone can carry on normally while dealing with alcohol use disorder, which may not be the case in all areas of their life. Alcohol use disorder can impact various aspects of a person’s life, such as relationships and overall well-being.
Alcoholism, or alcohol use disorder, is characterized by compulsive alcohol use despite negative consequences. Nearly 30 million Americans have alcohol use disorder, which ranges from mild to severe and involves craving, loss of control, and withdrawal symptoms. Doctors use various methods, such as questioning and the CAGE questionnaire, to assess if someone may have alcohol use disorder. Symptoms can include cravings, spending excessive time drinking, and experiencing withdrawal symptoms when not drinking.
Addressing alcohol addiction typically involves a combination of medication and behavioral therapies. A primary care physician can provide initial treatment or refer individuals to addiction specialists for further support. The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism offers resources such as an alcohol treatment navigator and a guide called “Rethinking Drinking” to help individuals understand and address alcohol addiction. Recognizing the impact of alcohol addiction not only on the individual but also on their loved ones is crucial in seeking help and beginning the journey towards recovery.
