Recent research has suggested that some drugs used to treat type 2 diabetes, specifically SGLT2 inhibitors, may also help reduce the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s. A large cohort study conducted in South Korea found that individuals with type 2 diabetes who took SGLT2 inhibitors had a lower risk of developing these conditions. The study’s lead researcher, Minyoung Lee, MD, PhD, explained that the unique pharmacological action of SGLT2 inhibitors, which include lowering blood sugar and increasing urinary glucose excretion, may contribute to their potential benefits in reducing the risk of neurodegenerative diseases.
Consultant neurologist Steve Allder, MD, who was not involved in the study, suggested that the neuroprotective effects of SGLT2 inhibitors are likely multifaceted, involving improvements in cardiovascular health, metabolism, and cellular function. These drugs address common risk factors associated with dementia and Parkinson’s disease, such as hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and obesity. By improving cardiovascular health, SGLT2 inhibitors may help prevent cerebrovascular damage and neurodegeneration.
The study analyzed data from over 350,000 participants with type 2 diabetes, comparing those who had started taking SGLT2 inhibitors with those on other oral antidiabetes medications. The findings showed a significant decrease in the risk of developing all-cause dementia, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and vascular dementia among those taking SGLT2 inhibitors. The study also highlighted a larger benefit seen in younger populations, indicating potential benefits for patients with type 2 diabetes.
Neurologist Daniel Truong, MD, who was not involved in the research, noted the surprising findings of the study, including the reduction in risk of neurodegenerative diseases and the larger benefit observed in younger individuals. While the results suggest potential benefits for patients with type 2 diabetes taking SGLT2 inhibitors, the researchers caution that the study is observational and further research is needed to determine the long-term effects of this reduced risk.
Lead researcher Minyoung Lee stressed the importance of understanding the mechanism behind the observed reduction in risk and noted ongoing research using a mouse model of dementia associated with metabolic disorders. She highlighted the need for mechanistic studies to elucidate how SGLT2 inhibitors positively affect neurodegenerative diseases. While the study provides valuable insights into the potential benefits of these drugs, further research is needed to fully understand their impact on reducing the risk of neurodegenerative conditions.
