A new study has proposed a type of blood test for predicting cerebral small blood vessel disease, which can lead to strokes or cognitive decline in the future. The study suggests that individuals with high levels of five specific molecules in the interleukin-18 network are more likely to experience such events. However, further validation of these findings is required. It is important to note that, while there is currently no cure for cerebral small blood vessel disease, practicing heart-healthy habits may help since these vessels are part of the cardiovascular system.
The study utilized data from the Framingham Heart Study, focusing on a cohort of 2,201 individuals aged 45 and above, with existing blood samples and MRI scans. By scoring individuals’ stroke risk based on the levels of specific molecules, the researchers found that those in the upper 25% had an 84% risk of stroke, while others with slightly elevated scores had a 51% risk. The study, published in the journal Stroke, marks an important step forward in predicting the likelihood of developing cerebral small vessel disease, a common cause of strokes and cognitive decline.
Cerebral small vessel disease is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease, leading to an increased risk of stroke and cognitive impairment. It typically refers to damage to small arteries that provide blood supply to the deep structures of the brain. By focusing on the inflammatory molecules in the IL-18 network, the study aimed to identify biomarkers that could quantify an individual’s risk of developing cerebral small vessel disease and, subsequently, experiencing a stroke in the future. These molecules have been linked to CSVD and strokes but can be difficult to measure due to fluctuations in response to various factors.
While the proposed blood test shows promise for predicting CSVD and stroke risk, more research and development are needed to make it clinically viable. Ideally, the biomarker should demonstrate its proactive ability to help prevent strokes prospectively rather than relying on retrospective data. Additionally, establishing cutoff values for the biomarkers and understanding the IL-18 network levels in a more diverse population are essential for further validation of the test. The study highlights the importance of identifying risk factors for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, such as maintaining a healthy lifestyle, controlling vascular risk factors, and ensuring continuity of care with a primary care physician.
While exercise has not been shown to slow the progression of CSVD, regular physical activity has been linked to a reduction in overall mortality and cerebrovascular events. Up to 80% of strokes can be prevented by controlling vascular risk factors, following a healthy diet, engaging in regular exercise, and seeking medical attention promptly when experiencing any stroke symptoms. It is crucial for patients and healthcare providers to be aware of the potential risks associated with CSVD and take preventive measures to reduce the likelihood of strokes and cognitive decline. The study’s findings offer hope for a more accurate and reliable method of predicting stroke risk in individuals, paving the way for improved prevention and management strategies in the future.
