A recent study highlighted concerning levels of toxic PFAS, or “forever chemicals,” in seafood. These human-made substances are present in various foods, household items, and personal products and have been linked to serious health problems. Despite the risks associated with PFAS exposure, the study’s authors do not recommend avoiding seafood consumption altogether but rather advocate for more research into the effects of these chemicals on human health. PFAS, known for their persistence in the environment, have been found in drinking water and certain types of food packaging, in addition to seafood.
Research has shown that individuals who consume a significant amount of seafood face a heightened risk of PFAS exposure. The study focused on residents of Portsmouth, NH, where seafood consumption is particularly common. Data from the survey conducted as part of the study indicated widespread seafood consumption among adults and children, with common varieties being shrimp and lobster. Analysis of a “seafood basket” purchased from a market in Portsmouth revealed the presence of 26 PFAS compounds in the samples, potentially increasing PFAS exposure for regular seafood consumers.
Dr. Megan Romano, the study’s senior investigator and an associate professor of epidemiology, highlighted the diverse adverse health effects associated with PFAS exposure. These effects include altered biological systems, higher cholesterol levels, reductions in birth weight, pregnancy-induced hypertension, weakened antibody responses, and potential links to kidney and testicular cancer. Registered dietitian nutritionist Kristin Kirkpatrick explained that PFAS exposure can also occur through cleaning solutions, nonstick cookware, and personal care products. In the United States, exposure to PFAS can also occur through drinking water and various foods, not just seafood.
The potential risks associated with PFAS exposure have prompted the Environmental Protection Agency to recommend minimizing exposure as much as possible. However, Romano clarified that her study should not discourage people from consuming seafood entirely, as the issue of PFAS exposure is complex and multifaceted. While some seafood choices may have higher levels of PFAS, fish remains a nutrient-rich food source with numerous health benefits, including essential nutrients like protein, omega-3 fatty acids, B vitamins, vitamin D, and other vitamins and minerals. Balanced diets that incorporate a variety of healthy foods are essential to mitigating the risks associated with PFAS exposure.
Although more research is needed to fully understand the health effects of PFAS exposure, the current findings underscore the importance of minimizing exposure to these chemicals whenever possible. Efforts to prevent PFAS from entering the environment are crucial given their persistence and potential impact on human health. While seafood consumption can contribute to PFAS exposure, it remains a valuable source of essential nutrients and plays a vital role in various dietary patterns associated with improved health outcomes. Recommendations for seafood intake vary by age and life stage, with current guidelines advising a minimum of 2 to 2.5 servings weekly for children and adults, and a minimum of 3 servings weekly for pregnant or nursing individuals.
