A recent study in mice suggests that a ketogenic (keto) diet could delay the onset of Alzheimer’s disease by increasing levels of a protective molecule called beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). This molecule has been associated with delaying the early stages of Alzheimer’s by promoting energy transfer from the liver to the body when glucose levels are low. While the study was conducted in mice, experts caution that more research is needed to confirm these findings in humans.
The study involved genetically modified mice that were fed either a keto diet or a standard carbohydrate-rich diet. Female mice showed higher levels of BHB and brain enzymes associated with memory compared to male mice. Additionally, male mice who transitioned to a keto diet later in life showed improvements in spatial memory. The results suggest that a keto diet may have potential benefits for delaying the onset of Alzheimer’s disease.
Registered dietician Michelle Routhenstein explained that a ketogenic diet causes the body to enter a state of ketosis, where it primarily burns fat for fuel instead of carbohydrates. While a keto diet has been associated with reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, the long-term effects of high fat intake, especially saturated fats, on heart and gut health should be considered. Careful monitoring and balanced nutrition are key to mitigating potential risks.
Lead author Dr. Gino A. Cortopassi noted that a keto diet led to a significant reduction in inflammatory cytokines compared to a standard diet with the same number of calories. Fats such as omega-3 fatty acids, carotenoids, and vitamins have neuroprotective properties that can combat inflammation and oxidative stress. However, excessive intake of saturated fats can elevate cholesterol levels and increase cardiovascular risk. Routhenstein recommends consulting with a physician before making significant dietary changes.
The study highlighted the role of BHB in delaying Alzheimer’s progression, with higher levels observed in humans who follow a keto diet or fast for an extended period. While the study provided intriguing findings, experts emphasize the need for further research to validate the effects of a keto diet on Alzheimer’s disease in humans. The Alzheimer’s Association is conducting a two-year clinical trial to investigate lifestyle interventions, including diet, to protect cognitive function in older adults at risk of cognitive decline. Consulting with a healthcare provider before making dietary changes is essential for individuals considering a keto diet for Alzheimer’s prevention or treatment.
