Intermittent fasting has become one of the most popular dietary practices in the United States, with around 12% of American adults following this eating pattern. Recent studies have shown that intermittent fasting may offer various health benefits beyond just weight loss, including protection against type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. A new study, presented at the annual meeting of the American Physiology Summit, suggests that intermittent fasting may also help protect the gastrointestinal system, specifically the small intestine, as it ages. Researchers found that mice on an intermittent fasting plan had better glucose control, decreased inflammation, and structural changes in their small intestines after 8 months of alternating cycles of fasting and feasting.
The study focused on the jejunum, a specific part of the small intestine responsible for food digestion and nutrient absorption. Researchers found that intermittent fasting may prevent age-related changes in the small intestine by returning it to a more youthful state. In female mice, improvements in small intestinal health were more pronounced, while male mice had a stronger impact on blood sugar levels. Although these findings were in mice, further research will explore gender-specific differences in human subjects. Dr. Mir Ali, a bariatric surgeon, suggested that future studies should evaluate the comparative benefits of different types of intermittent fasting on human health.
Intermittent fasting involves eating during certain periods and fasting for extended durations. Different methods of intermittent fasting can vary in the length and frequency of fasting periods, eating windows, and calorie consumption. Popular patterns of intermittent fasting include time-restricted eating and the 5:2 method. While intermittent fasting has gained popularity for weight loss, recent research shows it may also protect against diabetes, heart disease, and cancer, as well as gastrointestinal issues. However, Dr. Rudolph Bedford, a gastroenterologist, warned that longer periods of fasting could potentially harm the body. Yet, intermittent fasting may still benefit conditions like diabetes and IBS by giving the body a break from calorie burning and nutrient absorption.
Choosing an intermittent fasting method can be overwhelming for beginners, but Dr. Ali suggests starting with simpler practices like overnight fasting. He recommends gradually increasing fasting periods and trying different methods to see what works best. While there is no one-size-fits-all approach to intermittent fasting, finding a method that suits individual needs and preferences is essential. Ultimately, intermittent fasting appears to offer numerous health benefits beyond weight loss, and further research is needed to explore its effects on aging and intestinal health in humans.
