Scientists recently conducted a study on mice to investigate the impact of ketogenic diets on internal body organs. The researchers found that mice on ketogenic diets experienced increased rates of cellular aging in their body organs. The keto diet, which is higher in fats and lower in carbohydrates, has gained popularity for its potential to aid in weight loss. The researchers focused on the effects of the diet on health, particularly looking at cellular senescence.
The macronutrients that people on the keto diet focus on include high fats (55-60% of calories), moderate protein (30-35% of calories), and low carbohydrates (5-10% of calories). Compared to the FDA recommendations, the keto diet is significantly higher in fats and lower in carbohydrates than what is typically recommended. The study involved testing the effects of high-fat diets in mice, with one group consuming Crisco and the other group consuming cocoa butter. Both groups showed evidence of cellular aging in major body organs, including the heart and kidneys.
The researchers found that cellular senescence was likely tied to the proteins AMPK and p53. By blocking these pathways, the mice did not exhibit the same levels of cellular senescence. Additionally, the researchers discovered that cellular aging markers decreased after quitting the ketogenic diet, indicating that the process may be reversible. While the study highlights potential risks associated with long-term ketogenic diets, it also suggests that managing these risks may be possible through medications or intermittent adherence to the diet.
Scott Keatley, a registered dietitian, emphasized the need for caution when recommending ketogenic diets, particularly for patients with existing organ concerns or those at risk for chronic diseases. Longitudinal trials in humans are needed to confirm whether ketogenic diets lead to cellular senescence. Steve Gendron, PhD, an immunology and endocrinology specialist, underscored the importance of long-term studies on diverse populations to fully understand the impact of the keto diet on overall health. Gendron also noted that more variety in diet types could provide a more comprehensive picture of the effects of ketogenic diets.
