Researchers have found that vegan and vegetarian diets have numerous health benefits, as plant-based diets are associated with better health status for risk factors for diseases such as cancer and cardiometabolic disease. A review of 49 studies published between 2000 and 2023 found that plant-based diets are significantly linked to better lipid profiles, glycemic control, body weight/BMI, inflammation, and lower risks of ischemic heart disease and cancer. Vegetarian diets are also connected to lower mortality from cardiovascular diseases and a reduced risk of prostate and gastrointestinal cancer.
Previous studies have shown that diets high in meat, sugar, refined grains, and salt are associated with a greater risk of death, while reducing the consumption of animal products can reduce the risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease. The latest research supports these findings, with experts noting that vegan and vegetarian diets have numerous health benefits due to their fiber, vitamin, and mineral content, as well as anti-inflammatory properties from bioactive compounds like polyphenols and anthocyanins. While plant-based diets can offer various benefits, deficiencies in vitamins and minerals can occur in certain populations, such as babies, children, pregnant and breastfeeding mothers, and older adults.
In the United States, people consume a high amount of animal products, with poultry, beef, veal, and pork being significant components of the average diet. Americans consume more than 50 kilograms of poultry, 26 kilograms of beef and veal, and nearly 24 kilograms of pork per person annually. High meat intake can have serious health consequences, as organizations like the World Health Organization have classified processed meat as carcinogenic to humans, while red meat is considered probably carcinogenic to humans. Experts recommend moderation in the consumption of animal products, especially processed and deli meats, due to their potential health risks.
It is important to note that plant-based diets, if not planned carefully, may lead to nutrient deficiencies, particularly in specific populations with varying nutrient requirements at different stages of life. However, plant-based diets can offer numerous health benefits, including high fiber and complex carbohydrates that are essential for gut health, cholesterol management, weight management, and blood sugar regulation. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend a healthy eating plan emphasizing fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean protein sources, and low-fat meat products, with an emphasis on reducing processed and deli meats for optimal health.
Overall, reducing the consumption of animal products and focusing on vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and plant-based sources of protein can have significant health benefits, including lower risks of various diseases, better cardiovascular health, and improved overall well-being. While plant-based diets are associated with better health status for risk factors such as cancer and cardiometabolic disease, it is important to ensure a balanced and nutrient-rich diet to prevent deficiencies and promote optimal health at all life stages. Experts recommend moderation in the consumption of animal products, particularly processed meats, to reduce the risk of chronic diseases and maintain a healthy lifestyle.
