The global prevalence of diabetes is on the rise, with about 530 million adults diagnosed with the condition, mainly type 2 diabetes. Certain lifestyle choices, such as an unhealthy diet and sedentary behavior, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Previous research has shown that intake of ultra-processed foods, which often contain high amounts of sugar, fat, salt, and food additives, can also contribute to this risk. French researchers have identified seven food additive emulsifiers found in ultra-processed foods that may be associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes.
Emulsifiers are commonly used additives in processed foods to improve taste, texture, appearance, and shelf life. The study analyzed data from over 104,000 participants in the NutriNet-Santé web-cohort study and found seven specific food additive emulsifiers that were linked to an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. These emulsifiers included tripotassium phosphate, guar gum, xanthan gum, mono- and diacetyltartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids, sodium citrate, carrageenans, and gum arabic. Some of these additives were present in foods often considered healthy, such as plant-based margarines, certain breads, and flavored yogurts.
The research team decided to investigate the impact of food additive emulsifiers on type 2 diabetes risk based on previous studies that suggested adverse effects of these additives on gut microbiota, inflammation, and metabolism. The study focused on a large cohort with detailed dietary data and long-term follow-up to assess the associations between food additives and type 2 diabetes risk. The team plans to explore the potential underlying mechanisms behind this association, such as variations in blood markers and gut microbiota.
Registered dietitian nutritionists advise individuals to be cautious about food additives and ultra-processed foods in their diets. They recommend reading ingredient lists and nutrition labels to understand the composition of packaged foods and to monitor the consumption of products high in food additives. Choosing natural, whole foods over processed alternatives, such as fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains, can help reduce the intake of food additive emulsifiers and lower the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Additionally, seeking guidance from a registered dietitian can provide personalized dietary recommendations and help individuals make healthier food choices.
