A virus known as “sloth fever” has caused concern in the US after Florida reported 20 cases, with nine being reported just last week. The Oropouche virus is spread through infected small flies and mosquitoes and is common in parts of South America. The 20 cases in Florida have been linked to travel to Cuba, and the virus has also been detected in Europe. Infection can lead to symptoms such as headache, joint stiffness, pain, nausea, and in rare cases, death, especially in pregnant women.
The Oropouche virus, also known as “sloth fever,” is transmitted through midge and mosquito bites to animals and humans. The disease originated near the Oropouche River in the Amazon River Basin in 1955. Humans carrying the virus are bitten by insects during outbreaks, allowing the virus to spread. There have been approximately 500,000 recorded cases of the virus since it was first identified, with most cases occurring in Latin America and the Caribbean. In 2023, there were 832 recorded cases, and in 2024, more than 8,000 cases have been reported.
The symptoms of sloth fever generally appear three to 10 days after exposure and include fever, headache, chills, nausea, muscle and joint pain, and fatigue. In some cases, patients may experience weakness for up to one month. Severe symptoms may include eye pain, confusion, weakness, and neuroinvasive diseases like meningitis and encephalitis. It is important to seek medical attention if experiencing severe symptoms of sloth fever, especially in pregnant women as it can be harmful to the fetus.
Preventing sloth fever involves avoiding insect bites through the use of repellent and protective screens on windows and doors. There are currently no vaccines available for preventing Oropouche infection, and pregnant individuals are advised to reconsider nonessential travel to areas with known infections like Cuba. Treatment for sloth fever typically involves rest, fluids, and over-the-counter pain relievers to manage symptoms. Aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should be avoided to reduce the risk of hemorrhage associated with the virus.
In conclusion, sloth fever, caused by the Oropouche virus, is an emerging threat that has been reported in the US and is common in parts of South America. The virus is transmitted through mosquito and midge bites and can lead to a range of symptoms, including severe cases that require medical attention. Prevention through insect bite prevention and avoiding travel to areas with known infections is key, as there are currently no vaccines available for the virus. Patients experiencing severe symptoms should seek immediate medical treatment to manage their condition.
