Many scientists believe that evolution is still occurring in modern humans, even though advancements in medicine and technology have changed the environment in which it operates. Evolution may now be more about reproductive success in our current environment rather than survival. Factors such as cultural preferences, geographic migration, and random events continue to shape the human genome. While it is difficult to predict exactly what humans will look like in 50,000 years, experts suggest that several evolutionary changes could occur in that span of time, albeit on a relatively minor scale. Truly dramatic changes in appearance would require millions of years of evolution.
Within the past 50,000 years, most of the variation seen among human populations, such as skin color, stature, and hair color, has evolved. However, in the future, global populations are predicted to become more homogenous due to increased admixture between distantly related groups. This will result in less genetic and phenotypic structure within populations globally. While some changes in appearance will occur due to previously isolated groups now mixing, it is possible that different subpopulations could continue to evolve in distinct ways. Strong and consistent pressures towards certain characteristics could lead to very rapid evolution in certain populations within a matter of thousands or hundreds of years.
Experts suggest that in the future, humans may become taller due to sexual selection, and overall more attractive on average as sexual selection plays a significant role in modern society. It is also possible that humans may begin to direct our own evolution using gene editing tools like CRISPR, potentially with the aid of artificial intelligence. While such technologies are ethically fraught and controversial, it is nearly incomprehensible that they will not eventually be applied to humans over the course of 50,000 years. With the progression of genetic editing technology, humans may have the ability to choose many aspects of their appearance, which could evolve and change over generations much like fashion trends do today.
As technology continues to evolve, there is potential for humans to have more control over our own evolution through gene editing tools like CRISPR. While ethical considerations may hold back progress for a time, it is expected that advancements in understanding the consequences of gene editing will allow for more confident application of these technologies. In the next century, it is likely that gene editing technology will be perfected, leading to the ability for humans to potentially make choices about their appearance in a more targeted and deliberate manner. The future of human evolution is uncertain, but the possibilities are vast as technology continues to advance at a rapid pace.
