The 2023 census results in Montenegro revealed that 41.12% of the population identifies as Montenegrin, a slight decrease from the previous census in 2011. Meanwhile, the percentage of citizens identifying as Serb has increased to 33%, showing a notable growth in the Serb population. Other ethnic groups in Montenegro include Bosniaks (9.45%), Albanians (4.97%), Russians (2.06%), and Muslims (1.63%). About 2.88% of the population chose not to declare their ethnicity. These results were published by the Statistical Office of Montenegro, MONSTAT.
The ethnic makeup of Montenegro has been a sensitive issue, especially since the breakup of Yugoslavia in the 1990s. The separation of Montenegro from Serbia in 2006 further heightened these tensions, as questions of ethnicity and nationality continue to play a significant role in politics in the region. Despite relatively good relations between Serbia and Montenegro, ethnic tensions persist throughout the Western Balkans. The increase in the number of Serbs in Montenegro could potentially impact pro-Serbian politics in the country, as well as the perspectives of Montenegrin nationalists.
These census results provide insight into the shifting demographic landscape in Montenegro, with fluctuations in the percentage of different ethnic groups within the population. The data underscores the ongoing importance of ethnicity in shaping political dynamics and social relations in the region. It also highlights the complexity of identity politics in the Western Balkans and the challenges of managing diversity within a relatively small country like Montenegro.
The fact that a significant portion of the population chose not to declare their ethnicity raises questions about the reasons behind this decision. It could reflect a desire to distance oneself from ethnic labels or a reluctance to be categorized within a specific group. This choice to withhold ethnic identity could also be a response to the historical and political complexities surrounding ethnicity in the region, demonstrating a nuanced approach to personal identity within the context of Montenegro.
As Montenegro continues to grapple with issues of ethnicity and nationality, the census results serve as a reminder of the deep-rooted divisions and tensions that exist within the country. The rise in the number of Serbs and the decrease in the percentage of Montenegrins reveal a shifting demographic landscape that could have significant implications for the future of political discourse and social cohesion in Montenegro. It is crucial for policymakers and community leaders to address these complexities in order to promote inclusivity and understanding among the diverse population of Montenegro.
