The European Union has seen significant growth and expansion over the years, with 10 new member states joining on 1 May 2004. These additions represented a 20% increase in population and territory for the EU. While the total GDP grew by about 9%, the GDP per capita actually decreased. The expansion had economic and societal benefits, but there have been challenges in the political field, particularly with countries like Poland and Hungary. These nations have faced scrutiny for violating fundamental values and eroding judicial independence. As newer countries seek to join the EU, they must align their values and laws with the bloc’s standards.
In response to the risks to the rule of law and EU values in Poland, the European Commission initiated a procedure under Article 7 in 2017. The same procedure was triggered for Hungary in 2018 due to democratic backsliding and violations of judicial independence. Recently, Poland’s Public Prosecutor General presented an “action plan” aimed at restoring judicial independence, showing a commitment to reform. Other European countries, such as Serbia, Montenegro, and Ukraine, are vying for membership as recognised candidate countries. To be accepted into the group, each contender must work to align their values with those of the EU.
European Council President Charles Michel highlighted the importance of the EU expanding its borders, especially in the face of Russia’s war with Ukraine. He warned of a potential “new Iron Curtain” along the eastern flank if the EU does not take steps to include more countries. However, there are concerns that new member states may also violate the bloc’s values and interests. Ukraine, which recently acquired candidate status, is required to strengthen anti-corruption efforts and reform laws on lobbying and national minorities. Despite some opposition, a significant portion of EU citizens are in favor of Ukraine joining the bloc.
Overall, the expansion of the European Union has brought both benefits and challenges. While the economic and societal advantages have been clear, there have been difficulties in the political arena with countries like Poland and Hungary facing scrutiny for their actions. As new countries seek to join the EU, they must align their values and laws with those of the bloc to ensure a smooth integration process. The recent conflict in Ukraine has highlighted the importance of the EU expanding its borders to ensure stability and prosperity in the region. Despite some opposition, there is significant support for Ukraine joining the EU, showing a willingness to welcome new members.
