Dr. Mark Pochapin, a professor of Medicine at NYU Langone Health, frequently sees patients experiencing heartburn and indigestion during the holiday season. In time for Thanksgiving, Dr. Pochapin provides insights into acid reflux, heartburn, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) while sharing tips on how to indulge in holiday meals without experiencing discomfort. Heartburn, acid reflux, and GERD are related conditions with distinct characteristics. GERD is a chronic condition resulting from acid reflux, causing frequent symptoms or damage to the esophagus. Symptoms of GERD typically include heartburn and regurgitation as well as other symptoms like a burning taste in the mouth, sore throat, and cough.
Acid reflux is triggered when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, often due to issues with the lower esophageal sphincter valve. Contributing factors to acid reflux include dietary habits, neurologic issues, and anatomical concerns like hiatal hernia. Lifestyle habits such as smoking, obesity, and certain medications can also increase the risk of acid reflux. Common dietary triggers for acid reflux include caffeine, fatty foods, alcohol, and lying down after a meal. If left untreated, acid reflux can lead to conditions like esophagitis or esophageal cancer.
GERD is commonly diagnosed based on a clinical exam, medical history, and symptom relief from acid-reducing medications. Additional tests like endoscopy may be performed to assess the severity of damage to the esophagus. Treatment for GERD involves lifestyle modifications such as dietary changes, weight management, and sleeping on an incline to prevent acid reflux. Medications to reduce stomach acid and surgical options are available in more severe cases. It is advisable to see a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and personalized treatment plan.
For individuals prone to acid reflux, keeping a food diary can help identify trigger foods that should be avoided. Smaller, more frequent meals can help prevent overfilling the stomach and reduce reflux. Lifestyle adjustments like walking after meals and not eating close to bedtime can aid in managing symptoms. Untreated acid reflux can lead to more severe conditions such as Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal cancer. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent complications.
For individuals with GERD, managing alcohol consumption during the holidays is crucial, especially if it triggers symptoms. Staying hydrated is recommended, but it is advised not to consume excessive fluids before bedtime. Portion control, adjusting eating times, and choosing the right foods can help manage symptoms of acid reflux during the holiday season. If left untreated, GERD can lead to esophagitis, scarring, and difficulty swallowing. Therefore, seeking medical advice and adhering to a personalized treatment plan is essential for managing GERD and preventing complications.
