The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have issued a warning about the rise in meningococcal disease, a rare bacterial illness that can lead to meningitis, a potentially fatal infection. Last year, there were 422 reported cases of this disease in the U.S., the highest number since 2014. As of March 25 of this year, 143 cases have already been reported, indicating a potential increase in infections. The disease was found to be more common in adults ages 30 to 60, in Black individuals, and in people with HIV.
Meningococcal disease can present in several different forms, including meningitis or a bloodstream infection. Both of these types of infections are serious and can be deadly in a matter of hours. Meningococcal meningitis affects the tissue covering the brain and spinal cord, with symptoms such as headaches, neck stiffness, and high fever. Other symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, confusion, and photophobia. Meningococcal bloodstream infection can cause symptoms such as fever, chills, fatigue, vomiting, diarrhea, cold hands and feet, severe aches, rapid breathing, and a dark purple rash.
The transmission of meningococcal disease occurs through respiratory and throat secretions, such as saliva or spit, meaning the disease can be spread through close contact like coughing, sharing drinks, or kissing. However, it is not as contagious as the germs that cause the common cold or the flu. Treatments for meningococcal disease include antibiotics, but quick treatment is essential as untreated cases can lead to death or long-term issues such as loss of limbs, brain damage, or nervous system problems. There are vaccines available for meningococcal disease, and officials recommend children receive a meningococcal conjugate vaccine around the time they enter middle school, with a booster dose at age 16.
In addition to children receiving the vaccine, the CDC also recommends a MenB vaccine for teens aged 16 to 18. Vaccines are also recommended for individuals at higher risk, such as those in outbreak areas or those with certain health conditions like HIV. It is important to stay up to date on vaccinations as vaccine protection can fade over time. Overall, preventive measures such as vaccination and awareness of the symptoms of meningococcal disease are crucial in combating its spread and reducing the severity of infections. This information is essential for healthcare providers and individuals to stay informed and take necessary precautions to protect themselves and others from this potentially serious disease.
