Research conducted by Dr. Angelo Capodici and colleagues from the University of Bologna in Italy revealed that vegan and vegetarian diets are associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases and cancer. The researchers reviewed 48 papers published between January 2000 and June 2023 focusing on the connection between plant-based diets and overall health. They found significant health benefits in plant-based diets, including a lower risk of gastrointestinal tract cancers related to the consumption of red processed meats.
The World Health Organization’s International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified processed meat as carcinogenic to humans, with epidemiological studies showing a definite link between processed meat consumption and colorectal cancer. Additionally, red meat was classified as probably carcinogenic to humans. However, Capodici cautioned against large-scale recommendations for plant-based diets due to the limitations and potential vitamin and mineral deficiencies associated with these eating plans.
The advantages of consuming a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, oils, whole grains, legumes, and beans have long been known. Capodici and his team highlighted benefits such as lower blood pressure, better blood sugar management, and a healthier body mass index for individuals following vegetarian and vegan diets. They also pointed out that individuals following these diets are more likely to engage in healthy lifestyles, including regular exercise, avoiding sugar-sweetened beverages, as well as abstaining from alcohol and tobacco, which can further reduce the risk of heart disease.
In terms of pregnancy, the researchers noted that pregnant women who switched to vegetarian diets did not exhibit a reduced risk of developing gestational diabetes and hypertension when compared to meat-consuming women. They also indicated that vegans may be at risk of developing anemia due to a lack of vitamin B12, which is essential and naturally found in animal products. To prevent deficiencies, vegans are encouraged to consume fortified grains or take a daily vitamin B12 supplement.
Capodici’s team emphasized the need for more research into the effects of vegetarian and vegan diets. They highlighted variations in dietary patterns, sample sizes, participant demographics, and other factors across the studies they reviewed. This call for further research suggests that more comprehensive and nuanced investigations are necessary to fully understand the implications of plant-based eating on health outcomes. Ultimately, while plant-based diets show promising health benefits, caution should be exercised in promoting widespread adoption due to potential nutritional deficiencies and limitations in the current body of research.
