A virus known as canine distemper virus (CDV) has been causing outbreaks among raccoons in various parts of Canada. The virus can cause raccoons to exhibit strange behavior, such as approaching humans, standing on their hind legs, baring their teeth, and growling. Raccoons infected with CDV may also be seen out during the daytime and may appear to be disoriented, resembling a “drunk raccoon.” The virus is lethal for raccoons and can lead to aggressiveness if they feel cornered. It is advised not to approach or relocate infected raccoons, as this could spread the virus to other animals. Instead, individuals should contact local authorities such as the humane society for assistance.
The distemper virus has been circulating among raccoons in Toronto for 15-20 years and was originally spread by pets. While pets are typically vaccinated against the virus, there is currently no vaccination campaign for raccoons since humans do not contract the virus. The increase in sick and injured raccoons in 2024 has been significant, with Toronto Animal Services reporting a spike in service calls for such cases. Warmer temperatures and increased animal congregation have facilitated the spread of the virus among raccoons, leading to a higher number of infected raccoons hit by cars. This has resulted in an increase in cadaver pickups for animal services in the area.
Symptoms of CDV can be similar to rabies, which has been a concern in Quebec. In response to rabies cases in Vermont, Quebec conducted a vaccination campaign in April, distributing vaccine baits to attract and vaccinate raccoons. Ontario, on the other hand, has successfully controlled rabies cases among raccoons with an annual vaccination program. If scratched by a raccoon, medical attention should be sought immediately, as a rabies shot may be necessary. While raccoon attacks on humans are rare, there have been instances where people have attempted to domesticate raccoons, which experts strongly advise against due to the animals becoming reliant on humans for food and losing their fear of them.
It is important to be cautious when encountering raccoons displaying unusual behavior, as they may be infected with CDV. The virus poses a threat to raccoons and can lead to aggressive behavior if they feel threatened. Local authorities such as the humane society should be contacted for assistance in dealing with infected raccoons to prevent the spread of the virus. Vaccination campaigns for rabies and distemper virus in raccoons are in place in some areas to control the spread of these diseases. It is essential to prioritize safety and prevention when interacting with wildlife to avoid potential health risks and harm to both animals and humans.
