Orthodox Easter, known as Velykden in Ukraine, is a significant celebration for nearly two-thirds of the country’s population who identify as Orthodox Christians. The date of Easter in Ukraine is calculated according to the revised Julian calendar, falling on the first Sunday after the first full moon after the spring equinox. The week leading up to Easter involves preparations centered around the Easter basket, known as sviachene, which is filled with symbolic foods that Ukrainians abstain from during the 40 days of Lenten fasting. The blessing of the basket by a priest marks the beginning of the feast for families returning home from mass.
One essential element of a Ukrainian Easter basket is Paska, a labor-intensive bread made from milk, butter, eggs, flour, yeast, and sugar. The preference for yeast bread can be traced back to the Great Schism between the Orthodox and Catholic churches. Another key component is the decorated eggs, with the most common types being krashanky, hard-boiled eggs dyed a single color, and pysanky, intricately decorated hollowed-out eggs. Dairy products such as butter and cheese play a significant role in the Easter feast, with traditional desserts like syrnyk made from fresh cheese, butter, eggs, sugar, and vanilla.
Cured meats, including ham, smoked sausages, and salo, are also important items in the Easter basket, symbolizing different aspects of the Easter celebration. Horseradish relish, often mixed with beets, is a common addition to complement the rich meats of the feast. Salt, traditionally a symbol of prosperity in Ukraine, also holds significance during Easter, representing purification and the duty of Christians to others. During the ongoing conflict in Ukraine, salt has taken on additional symbolism, becoming a representation of Ukrainian endurance and hope for victory.
In addition to these traditional Easter basket items, Kyiv Cake is a legendary sweet that holds a special place in the hearts of Kyivans. Made of layers of nutty meringue and buttercream coated with crushed hazelnuts, Kyiv Cake is a beloved dessert in Ukraine’s capital. While Kyiv is often associated with Chicken Kyiv, a French-inspired dish, the Kyiv Cake remains a symbol of home and tradition for many. As Ukrainians continue to navigate the challenges of war and conflict, these traditional foods and customs offer a sense of comfort and connection to their cultural heritage during the Easter season.
