A new report from the World Heart Federation has revealed alarming statistics regarding the impact of air pollution on heart conditions, diabetes, and obesity. Between 2010 and 2019, there was a significant increase in deaths related to heart conditions caused by air pollution. Almost 70% of the 4.2 million outdoor air pollution-related deaths in 2019 were due to heart conditions, with regions such as Africa experiencing up to a 27% increase in deaths. Additionally, there were almost 900,000 air pollution-related stroke deaths in 2019, highlighting the detrimental effects of pollution on overall heart health.
While global particulate matter concentration showed a slight decline between 2010 and 2019, it still exceeded the recommended levels set by the World Health Organization by over six times. Only 14% of countries saw a major decrease in particulate matter during this time period, with European countries leading the way. However, countries like Angola, Cape Verde, and Liberia experienced significant increases in pollution levels, indicating a global disparity in pollution reduction efforts.
Previous research has shown that air pollution also has a negative impact on obesity and diabetes, which are often linked to heart conditions. This suggests that air pollution may indirectly contribute to the increased rates of heart condition-related deaths. Household air pollution was found to be a major contributor, causing 3.2 million deaths worldwide between 2010 and 2019. Low- and middle-income countries were disproportionately affected due to a lack of access to clean cooking fuels like gas or electricity.
Climate change was identified as a major factor exacerbating air pollution levels, with weather changes leading to increases in particulate matter and harmful gases like ground-level ozone. Climate-related events such as wildfires and dust storms further contribute to poor air quality, impacting both outdoor and indoor environments. Black carbon, a key component of fine particulate matter, not only contributes to global warming but also worsens air quality and can increase health risks for vulnerable populations.
Heart disease remains a leading cause of death globally, with stroke following closely behind. People over 65 years old are among the most at risk, along with individuals with conditions like obesity and diabetes. The World Heart Federation emphasizes the importance of reducing air pollution emissions to protect vulnerable populations. In addition to emission reductions, a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, fiber, and protein, along with supplements and medication for those with heart disease, can help mitigate the cardiovascular effects of air pollution. Prioritizing clean energy and sustainable practices is crucial to addressing the intertwined issues of air pollution, climate change, and their adverse effects on public health.
