A study published in JAMA Network Open suggests a possible link between higher fluoride intake during pregnancy and behavioral problems in toddlers. Children exposed to higher levels of fluoride in the womb were found to be more likely to experience temper tantrums, headaches, stomachaches, anxiety, and symptoms associated with autism. While exposure to fluoride during pregnancy does not guarantee neurobehavioral problems in children, the researchers found an association between higher prenatal exposure and more neurobehavioral problems at age 3, although further studies are needed to determine a causal link.
The study obtained data from USC’s MADRES Center for Environmental Health Disparities, which follows predominantly Hispanic families in Los Angeles from pregnancy through childhood. Researchers calculated fluoride exposure by analyzing urine samples collected from 229 pregnant mothers during their third trimester. Children whose mothers had higher levels of fluoride were reported to be 83% more likely to exhibit “internalizing” behavioral problems, but no association was found with “externalizing behaviors” such as aggression or attention-related issues.
Lead study author Ashley Malin of the University of Florida noted that this US-based study is significant as it is the first to examine the association between prenatal fluoride exposure and neurobehavioral problems. Despite the low levels of fluoride exposure typical in fluoridated regions of North America, the findings of the study are noteworthy. Fluoride has been added to drinking water in communities for many years as a means of preventing tooth decay, given its ability to strengthen enamel, inhibit bacterial growth, and replenish minerals lost in teeth.
While communities have been adding fluoride to water for oral health benefits, some anti-fluoridationists argue that it violates health freedom and have successfully campaigned for bans in certain locations. A 2019 Canadian study published in JAMA Pediatrics linked higher levels of fluoride exposure during pregnancy to lower IQ scores in 3- and 4-year-olds, although the authors did not recommend banning fluoridation. The authors of the recent study do not advocate against fluoridation either but suggest establishing recommendations for limiting fluoride exposure during pregnancy.
Studies conducted over the past seven years in North America have indicated potential risks associated with fluoride exposure during pregnancy, such as a decrease in IQ, increased ADHD symptoms, and changes in executive function and cognition. The researchers plan to further explore how prenatal fluoride exposure impacts brain development in infants but advise pregnant women to drink filtered tap water, as even some tabletop pitcher filters can effectively reduce fluoride levels. While there are no known benefits to the fetus from ingesting fluoride, the researchers emphasize the importance of considering potential risks and implementing measures to minimize fluoride exposure during pregnancy.
