Researchers from the University of New Mexico have recently discovered the migration patterns of a new species of hummingbird, the giant hummingbird, by placing miniature backpacks equipped with tracking devices on the birds. This eight-year study led by Dr. Jessie Williamson revealed that the migratory giant hummingbirds travel over 5,200 miles from their breeding grounds on the Pacific Coast of Chile to the high Andes, reaching elevations of over 13,000 feet and flying as far north as Peru. The research sheds light on a mystery that has puzzled scientists since the 19th century.
The tracking devices used in the study were designed to be lightweight and small in order to not impede the flight style of the tiny hummingbirds. According to Williamson, it took a lot of trial and error to come up with a suitable harness design due to the unique physical characteristics of hummingbirds, which are lightweight with long wings and short legs. By attaching these tracking devices to the giant hummingbirds, researchers were able to closely monitor their migration patterns and behaviors, revealing new insights into their movements and habits.
Christopher Witt, a professor at UNM, noted that the two forms of giant hummingbirds were almost indistinguishable to the naked eye, leading to the mystery of their migration patterns remaining unsolved for centuries. Through the use of miniaturized trackers, the research team was able to differentiate between the migratory and non-migratory giant hummingbirds. Genome sequencing of museum specimens also played a crucial role in identifying the distinct species and their evolution over the past 3 million years, highlighting the importance of utilizing historical data in current research efforts.
The study uncovered that the giant hummingbirds pause their migration for periods of days to allow their lungs and blood to acclimate to the high altitudes of the Andes. This adaptive behavior demonstrates the remarkable ability of these tiny creatures to withstand extreme environments and challenges during their long-distance journeys. The combination of migration tracking and genomics has opened up new research opportunities for scientists, offering exciting prospects for future studies that could further enhance our understanding of these fascinating birds.
Overall, this groundbreaking research by the University of New Mexico has significantly advanced our knowledge of the migratory patterns and evolutionary history of the giant hummingbird species. By overcoming longstanding mysteries and utilizing innovative tracking technologies, the research team has provided valuable insights into the behavior, movements, and adaptations of these remarkable birds. This study serves as a testament to the power of interdisciplinary collaboration and cutting-edge scientific methods in unraveling the secrets of the natural world.
